Mainly computer system consists of three parts, that are central processing unit (CPU), input devices, and output devices. The central processing device is also divided into two parts again:
a) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
b) Control Unit (CU)
The set of instructions is in the form of raw data.
A large amount of data is stored in the computer memory with the help of primary and secondary storage devices. The CPU is like the heart/brain of the computer. The user doesn't get the desires output, without the necessary option taken by the CPU. The central processing unit is responsible for the processing of all instructions which are given by the user to the computer system.
 |
| Fig: Computer system |
The hardware and software exist on the computer. The information which is stores through the device is known as computer software. The hardware components of the computer system are related to electronic and mechanical parts, and the software component is related to data and computer programs. Many elements are connected to the main circuit board of the computer system called a "motherboard".
The main five components of the computer system are given as:
- Processor
- Main Memory
- Secondary Memory
- Input Devices
- Output Devices
Computer hardware, computer software, and liveware exist in the element of the computer system.
Processor:
The processor is an electric circuitry within the computer system. The central processing unit (CPU) is the central processor or main processor of the computer system. The processor carries out the instructions of the computer program with the help of basic arithmetic and logic, input/output operations.
Main Memory:
The Random Access Memory is the main memory of the computer system, which is also known as RAM. The main memory can store the operating system software, application software, and other information. The RAM is one of the fastest memory, and it allows the data to be readable and writeable.
Secondary Memory:
We can store the data and programs on a long-term basis in the secondary memory. The hard disks and the optical disks are common secondary devices. It is slow and cheap memory as compare to primary memory. This memory is not connected to the processor directly.
It has a large capacity to store the data. Thee hard disk has a capacity of multiple gigabytes. The data and programs on the hard disk are organized into files, and the files are the collection of data on the disk. The secondary storage is direct access by the CPU; that's why it is different from the primary storage.
The main difference between primary and secondary storage is speed and capacity. There are several large blocks that are copied from the hard disk into the main memory.
Input Devices:
The user provides the set of instructions or information to the computer system with the help of input devices such as the keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc. The data representation of the computer system is in the form of binary language after that the processor processes the converted data. The input unit implements the data which is instructed by the user to the system.
We can enter the data from the outside world into the primary storage as the input through input devices. The input devices are the medium of communication between the outside world and the computer system. There are some important features of input devices which are given below:
- The input devices receive or accept the data or instruction from the user, who exist in the outside world.
- These devices convert the data or instruction into the machine-readable form for further processing.
- The input device performs like the connection between the outside world and our computer system.
- The keyboard and mouse are common examples of input devices.
- When the whole procedure is finished, we get the desired output from the output devices such as to monitor, printer, etc.
Output Devices:
The output devices produce or generate the desired result according to our input, such as a printer, monitor, etc. These devices convert the data into a human-readable form from binary code.
The computer system is linked or connected to the outside world with the help of output devices. The primary examples of output devices are a printer, projector, etc. These devices have various features which are given below:
- These devices receive or accept the data in the binary form.
- The output devices convert the binary code into the human-readable form.
- These devices produce the converted result and show it to the user.
0 Comments